Supporting sound bone development
Growing young horses safely
Many factors may affect the risk of developmental bone diseases occurring, namely growth rate, genetic predisposition, trauma and imbalanced nutrition. It is commonly accepted that Developmental Orthopaedic Diseases (DOD) are multi-factorial in origin. A growing body of evidence links negative nutritional management to an increased risk of DOD’s (Ralston 1996, Treiber et al 2004).
Young horses grow rapidly: Thoroughbred foals achieve five times their birth weight by weaning and by 12 months of age have achieved approximately 60-70% of mature weight, over 90% of mature height and 95% of bone growth (Harris 2004). Bone develops by the ossification of cartilage a process in which the cartilage is mineralised and transformed into bone. Failure of successful conversion of cartilage to bone leads to certain developmental bone diseases such as osteochondrosis, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and subchondrol bone cysts. Lameness associated with DOD’s is a major cause of wastage in the adult horse.
In addition, minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and trace elements such as copper, zinc and manganese perform essential supporting roles in cartilage and bone.
How energy sources effect growth rates
New research shows energy source is likely to be just as important as the amount because the source directly affects a hormonal cascade that influences the maturation of the bone directly. A growing body of evidence suggest the insulin-induced effects of carbohydrate rich diets, such as traditional stud feeds, on cartilage maturation may play a significant role in the development of certain DOD’s.
How you can help
Choose feeds which contain energy sourced primarily from a unique formulation of selected fibres combined with optimum oil levels and a minimal starch and sugar content, a starch level of approximately 80% less than is found in a traditional stud feed is ideal. Also try to reduce the “feeding fasting cycle” by extending eating time; this has been demonstrated to create conditions within the bone associated with more optimal bone development.